Volume 5, No.1, 2015
(
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Nikolai I. Pereslavtsev
ABOUT THE PROSPECTS OF RUSSIAN PARTICIPATION IN THE RAILWAY FREIGHT TRANSIT THROUGH THE KOREAN PENINSULA
Abstract
The article analyzes the situation with the implementation of joint project concerning reconstruction of railway tracks from Russian border station Khasan to North Korean port city Rajin and modernization of some of Rajin port facilities. As well it discusses the current state of working objects and prospects of their further use, facilitating and hindering factors and conditions.
Keywords
Trans-Korean railway, port of Rajin, containerized transportation, transshipment complex, the volume of coal exports, economic cooperation with DPRK.
References (click to expand/close)
Александр Галушка: "Лучше 360 тысяч тонн, чем 360 тысяч слов", 24.04.15/Alexander Galushka: “It’s better to have 360 thousand tons of freight, than 360 thousand words”, 24/05/15, URL: http://primorye24.ru/news/news_feed/52500-aleksandr-galushka-luchshe-360-tysyach-tonn-chem-360-tysyach-slov.html
“Александр Галушка оценил переговоры с КНДР как успешные для
развития Дальнего Востока”, 04.05.15/ “Alexander Galushka assessed the talks with
DPRK
as success for the development of the Far East”, 04.05.15,
URL: https://news.mail.ru/inregions/fareast/27/politics/21917567/?frommail=1
«Александр Галушка подписал итоговый протокол межправкомиссии с
верхушкой КНДР», 27.04.15/”Alexander Galushka signed the final protocol of inter-governmental committee with DPRK leadership”, URL: http://primorye24.ru/news/news_feed/52604-aleksandr-galushka-podpisal-itogovyy-protokol-mezhpravkomissii-s-verhushkoy-kndr.html
«Ассоциация российских экспедиторов. Справочная информация по портам дальневосточного региона»/”Association of Russian forwarders”. The reference information about the ports of Russian Far East, URL: http://www.far-aerf.ru/news/spravka.html
«Гудят пароходы и поезда: РЖД построило в Северной Корее железную дорогу и порт», 21.07.14/”Steamships and trains are humming. “Russian railways” built a
railway and port in North Korea”, 21.07.14, URL: http://www.newsvl.ru/stories/2014/07/21/125877/
«Доброфлот» возобновляет сотрудничество с предприятиями КНДР в области рыболовства», 24.04.15/ “Dobroflot” resumes fishing cooperation with the enterprises of DPRK”, 24.04.15, URL: http://www.korabli.eu/blogs/novosti/morskie-novosti/vozobnovlyaet-sotrudnichestvo
«Из Приморья в КНДР перевезут 1,5 млн. тонн грузов», АТИ-Медиа, Новости рынка автомобильных грузоперевозок и автомобильного транспорта, 15.04.15/”1.5 million tons of cargo will be transported from Primorye Region to DPRK”, 15.04/15, URL: http://ati.su/Media/News.aspx?HeadingID=7&ID=61213
«Завершена операция по перегрузке портальных кранов через терминал Усть-Луга», 17.10.13, Port News, информационный портал/”The operation for transshipment of gantry cranes was completed in the terminal Ust-Luga”, 17.10.13, URL: http://portnews.ru/news/169233/
«Китайцы де-юре превратят Приморье в базу по перевалке угля», 20.06.14, PrimaMedia, информационный портал/”The Chinese will de jure transform
Primorye
into
the
base
for
Transshipment
of
coal",
20.06.14,
URL: http://primamedia.mobi/news/show.php?id=365893&=7&p
“КНДР предложила России медную руду в обмен на электроэнергию”, 27.04.15/”North Korea has offered Russia copper ore in exchange for the electricity”, 27.04.15, URL: http://www.ipnews.in.ua/index.php/2015/04/27/kndr-predlozhila-rossii-mednuyu-rudu-v-obmen-na-elektroenergiyu/
«КНДР предложила РФ медную руду в обмен на электроэнергию», 27.04.15/”North Korea has offered Russia copper ore in exchange for the electricity”,27.04.15, URL: http://mger2020.ru/n_news/2015/04/27/81137
«Корейцам перепадет дальневосточного угля», 24.07.14, «Коммерсант»,
Интернет-портал,
“Koreans
will
get
Far
Eastern
coal”,
24.07.14,
URL: www.kommersant.ru/doc/2530722
«Нелегкий груз. Пойдет ли развитие дальневосточных портов по инновационному пути», «Российская газета», Интернет-портал, 26.02.15/ "A difficult burden. Will the development of the Far Eastern ports go in an innovative direction", 26.02.15, URL: http://www. rg.ru/2015/02/26/reg-dfo/port.html
«Объем экспорта через погранпереходы на ДВЖД в 1 квартале 2015
года вырос на 28,2%», PortNews, информационный портал/ "The volume of exports through border crossing points in the Far Eastern railway increased in the 1st quarter of 2015 by 28.2%,”, URL: http://"www.portnews.ru/news/198077
«Переговоры по поставкам электроэнергии в КНДР идут успешно, — «Русгидро», 27.04.15/”Negotiations for the supply of electricity to DPRK are going well”, 27.04.15, URL: http://www.bigpowernews.ru/news/document63629.phtml
«Плавзавод “Залив Восток” группы компаний «Доброфлот» отправился в Хэчжу», PortNews, информационный портал/”The fishing base “Zaliv Vostok” of “Dobroflot” group of companies went to Haeju”, URL:http:// www.portnews.ru/news/198631
«Президент Южной Кореи предложила построить через РФ «шелковый путь», 18.10.13, «Российская газета», Интернет-портал/”President of South Korea
proposed to built a “silk road” through Russia”, 18.10.13,
URL: http://www.rg.ru/2013/10/18/put-site-anons.html
“По итогам года РЖД планирует достичь грузооборота 1,5 млн. т. на линии Хасан — Раджин”, 24.04.15/” For the year “Russian Railways” plans to expand the freight traffic volume on the line Khasan — Rajin” up to 1,5 million tons”, 24.04.15, URL: http://infranews.ru/logistika/zheleznaya-doroga/41537-po-itogam-goda-rzhd-planiruet-dostich-gruzooborota-15-mln-t-na-linii-xasan-radzhin/
«Прошло первое заседание корейской части Делового Совета Россия-
КНДР», 26.04.15/”The first meeting of Russia-North Korea Business Council was held in
Pyongyang”
,
26.04.15,
URL:
http://minvostokrazvitia.ru/press-
center/news
_minvostok/?ELEMENT_ID=3128
«Прошло первое заседание корейской части Делового Совета Россия –
КНДР», 27.04.15, Интернет- портал г. Хабаровск, /”The first meeting of Russia-North
Korea
Business
Council
was
held
in
Pyongyang”
27.04.15,
URL http://news.khabara.ru/2015/04/27/proshlo-pervoe-zasedanie-korejskoj-chasti-
delovogo-soveta-rossiya-kndr.html
«Путин: политика мешает объединению Транссиба и корейской желдороги», 12.11.13/”Putin: the politics interferes with the connection of Trans-Siberian and Korean railways”, 12.11.13, URL: http://pogoda.rian.ru/economy/20131112/976391633.html
«Рейтинг крупнейших морских портов»/”Rating of the largest seaports”, URL: http://kredo-in.blogspot.ru/2013/12/blog-post_30.html
«РЖД вложили 300 млн. долларов в реконструкцию железнодорожного пути Хасан - Раджин и модернизацию порта КНДР", ИА «Интерфакс», 24.04.15/”Russian railways” have invested 300 million dollars in the reconstruction of therailway Khasan-Rajin and modernization of North Korean port”, 24.04.15, URL: http://www.interfax-russia.ru/FarEast/print.asp?id=605461&sec=1671&type=news
«Российские и корейские железнодорожники договорились о сотрудничестве», 15.11.13, «Коммерсант», Интернет-портал/”Russian and North Korean railway specialists agreed to cooperate”, 15.11.13, URL: http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2343120
«Российский министр призвал к безвизовому режиму с КНДР», 27.04.15/ “Russian minister called for a visa-free regime with DPRK”, 27.04.15, URL: http://ftimes.ru/politics/3578-rossijskij-ministr-prizval-k-bezvizovomu-rezhimu-s-kndr/
«Россия и КНДР договорились развивать автомобильное сообщение», 14.04.15/”Russia and North Korea agreed to develop automobile traffic”, 14.04.15, URL: http://www.mk.ru/politics/2015/04/14/rossiya-i-kndr-dogovorilis-razvivat-avtomobilnoe-soobshhenie.html
«Россия начала разработку предпроектной документации по возведению автомобильного понтонного моста», ИА Интерфакс, 27.04.15/”Russia started the development of project documentation on the construction of road pontoon bridge”, 27.04.15, URL: www.interfax-russia.ru/Far East/news.asp&id=606011
«Рублевые расчеты между Россией и КНДР превысили 3,5 млрд.», «Экономика и жизнь», Интернет-портал, 14.04.15/"Rouble payments between Russia
and DPRK have exceeded 3.5 billion", 14.04.15, URL: http://www.eg-online.ru/news/277846
«Строительство железной дороги Хасан-Рачжин может стать совместным проектом России, Республики Корея и КНДР, ИА Восток России, 24.04.15/”The construction of railway Khasan-Rajin may become a joint project of Russia, Republic of Korea and DPRK”, 24.04.15, URL: http://eastrussia.ru/news/7732/
«Южная Корея планирует импортировать российский уголь через Северную Корею», ИА «Рускор», 21.11.14/”South Korea plans to import Russian coal via North Korea”, 21.11.14, URL: http://www.ruskorinfo.ru/data/economy/14798/
«Южная Корея получила российский уголь», 05.12.14/”South Korea obtained Russian coal”, 05.12.14,
URL: http://www.rosugol.ru/politics.php?ELEMENT_ID=18631&print=Y
http://blog.naver.com/yglee84/140200406917
Alexey A. Karaivanov, Anastasia O. Barannikova
ENERGY SECTOR: THE POSSIBILITIES OF RESUMPTION OF THE RUSSIAN-NORTH KOREAN COOPERATION
Abstract
The authors consider energy sector as a promising sphere of economic cooperation between Russia and the DPRK. This is conditioned both by economic needs of DPRK and political opportunities for Russia in terms of strengthening its influence on the Korean peninsula. Prospects of deepening energy cooperation in the range of bilateral and trilateral (including ROK) projects are analyzed.
Keywords
DPRK-RF cooperation, energy sector, Trans-Korean project
Han Dong-ho
EXPLORING THE POSSIBILITY OF KOREAN REUNIFICATION: A BRIEF SURVEY OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FACTORS
Abstract
The Korean question in Northeast Asia has important implications for peace and security in the region. Solution of the problems associated with Korean reunification will significantly influence the future course of international relations in Northeast Asia. It should be noted that the process of Korean reunification could engender a variety of uncertainties in the Northeast Asian security environment. Given this context, this paper aims to explore the possibility of a future Korean reunification based on the interactions of domestic factors and regional/systemic constraints in order to provide some insights for solving the Korean question. Given this context of interactions of regional major powers and the two Koreas and the complexity of the issue of Korean reunification, the main factors required to produce a desirable outcome should be understood. In sum, Korean reunification would be a result of the concerted efforts of policy makers of concerned states dealing effectively with the internal and external factors surrounding the Korean Peninsula.
Keywords
Korean Question, Korean Reunification, Northeast Asian International Relations, Internal Factors, External Factors, Inter-Korean Relations
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Kahler, Miles and Scott L. Kastner, “Strategic Uses of Economic Interdependence: Engagement Policies on the Korean Peninsula and Across the Taiwan Strait,” Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 43, No. 5 (2006)
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Sergey M. Smirnov
KOREA, RUSSIAN FAR EAST, ARCTIC AND THE EURASIAN TRANSIT CHALLENGES
Abstract
This article explores the relationships, problems and prospects in the process of creating a Trans-Eurasian transit alternative routes - New Silk Road, the Northern Sea Route. The positions of leading Asia-Pacific countries - China, Japan and South Korea – are described in connection with the Arctic exploration. A special attention is given to the development of specific elements of transport infrastructure in the Far Eastern Federal District (ports, railways, roads, sea lines). The mechanism for the development of cooperation projects between Russia and Korea is proposed, considering the particular socio-economic situation in the regions of Russian Far East.
Keywords
Northern Sea Route, transport corridors, Eurasian transit, icebreaker escort operations
References (click to expand/close)
Camille Brugier (2014). China’s way: the new Silk Road. by European Union Institute for Security Studies May 2014. Available at http://www.iss.europa.eu/uploads/media/Brief_14_New_Silk_Road.pdf
Kudinov, Viktor (2015). Vladivostok-Nakhodka-Vostochny Road May Become Private. “ZRPress.ru” March 5,2015. (Viktor Kudinov. Doroga Vladivostok – Nakhodka – Port Voctochny Mojet Stat’ Platnoi.)
Pazovsky V.M. (2001). The Northern Sea Route: Assessments By Foreign Experts. ECO, Vol.8 (2-10).
President Park Geun-hye's "Eurasia Initiative". NUAC News, 2013-11-01. Available at http://www.nuac.go.kr/english/sub04/view01.jsp?numm=36 Rothrock, D.A., D.B. Percival, and M. Wensnahan. (2008). The decline in arctic sea-ice thickness: Separating the spatial, annual, and interannual variability in a quarter century of submarine data. J. Geophys. Res., 113, C05003, doi:10.1029/2007JC004252.
Russian Maritime News, Nov.14, 2014. (Morskiye Novosti Rossii).
Simoniya, Nodari. (2013). Strategic Importance of Arctic Oil and Gas to Energy Security in the North Pacific. The Arctic in World Affairs. 2011 North Pacific Arctic Conference Proceedings. A Joint Publication of the Korea Transport Institute and the East-West Center. pp. 195-233
Smirnov S.M. (2014). The Current Status and Prospect of Logistics in the Arctic Seas and FE Area in Russia. Abstracts of Papers, International Conference on Arctic Vision, Busan, November 21, 2014, pp. 65-74.
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Nikolai I. Pereslavtsev
KOREAN-JAPANESE DISCORD CONCERNING THE LIANCOURT ISLANDS
Abstract
This article discusses the reasons behind the dispute between Korea and Japan over the Liancourt islands located in the Sea of Japan, makes a detailed analysis of the arguments and positions of each of the parties from a historical, legal and economic point of view, and suggests ways and means to solve the problem taking into account the interests of international cooperation and security in the region.
Keywords
Dokdo, Takeshima, Liancourt, islands, Japan, Korean Peninsula, International Court of Justice
References (click to expand/close)
Pamphlet of the Ministry of Foreign affairs of Republic of Korea “Dokdo is the territory of Korea”/Брошюра МИД Республики Корея "Токто - территория Кореи", http://www.korea.net/pdfcontent/general/dokdo/2014_dokdo_Russian.pdf
“East Asia in disputes for oil and fish”/«Восток Азии в спорах за нефть и рыбу», 01.02.2012, http://www.pravda.ru/world/asia/fareast/01-02-2012/1106609-eastasia-1
“Ten arguments about Dokdo islands, distorted by Japan", pamphlet of North-East Asia history fund/ Десять истин об островах Токто, искажаемых Японией", брошюра Фонда изучения истории СВА, http://www.nahf.or.kr/Data/board_100/dokdo_Truth/Russian.pdf
“Once more about territorial disputes of Japan with China and Korea – Fund of strategic culture/«Ещё раз о территориальных спорах Японии с Китаем и Кореей» (II) -Фонд стратегической культуры, http://m.fondsk.ru/news/2012/11/16/esche-raz-o-territorialnyh-sporah-japonii-s-kitaem-i-koreej-ii-17645.html
“Who? Dokdo!”/«Кто-кто? Токто!» - Российская газета, http://www.rg.ru/2005/06/24/korea-ostrov.html
The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea/Конвенция ООН по морскому праву 1982 г., www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/unclos_r.pdf
“Liancourt, information from Wikipedia/«Лианкур», материал из Википедии — свободной энциклопедии, https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Лианкур
Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers Instruction Note No. 677, January 29, 1946/ «Меморандум Главнокомандующего союзных держав японскому императорскому правительству» № 677 29 января 1946 г., Документы 20 века Всемирная история в Интернете, интернет-портал, http://doc20vek.ru/node/1323
Refutation concerning pamphlet about Dokdo, published by Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. Dokdo Research Center. Seoul/Опровержения по поводу рекламной брошюры о Докдо, изданной Министерством иностранных дел Японии. Исследовательский центр Докдо. Сеул, 26.08.2009 г., http://www.dokdohistory.com/ru/?stctgr=5&stsqn=185&sopt=&stxt=&page=1&subject=&bmo de=view&bidx=4
Liancourt islands/«Острова Лианкур» (кор. 독도, Токто, яп. 竹 島 , Такэсима;), http://subscribe.ru/archive/country.other.japan4russia/201208/27120044.html
Dokdo is the native Korean territory, Russian-Korean Information agency “RusKor”/«Острова Токто - исконно корейская территория», российско-корейское ИА "Рускор", 30.11.2011http://www.ruskorinfo.ru/expert_opinion/1171/?print=Y
“Official position of the Republic of Korea about Dokdo islands”/«Официальная позиция Республики Корея в вопросе принадлежности островов Токто», http://nbenegroup.com/territory/tocto_analit.html
“Official position of Japan about Takeshima islands”/«Официальная позиция Японии в вопросе принадлежности островов Такэсима», http://www.nbenegroup.com/territory/takesima.html
“Position of Japan about Takeshma islands”/«Позиция Японии по островам Такэсима», http://www.kz.embjapan.go.jp/others/takeshima.pdf
Potsdam Declaration, July 26, 1945, Chronos, history magazine/Потсдамская Декларация от 26 июля 1945 года, Хронос, исторический портал, http://www.hrono.ru/dokum/194_dok/1945potsdam.php
“The problem of Takeshima islands. Territorial sovereignty of Japan over Takeshima islands/Проблема островов Такэсима. Территориальный суверенитет Японии над островами Такэсима», www.ru.emb-japan.go.jp/territory/takeshima/issue.html
The problem of Japan’s south territories/Проблема южных территорий Японии", Газета.ру, Интернет-портал, http://www.gazeta.ru/2003/01/09/vrezterritor.shtml
There have been conducted military exercises in defense of Dokdo island with the landing of Navy special forces, October 25/«Проведены учения по обороне острова Токто с высадкой спецподразделений ВМС», 25 октября 2013 г., http://korean-news.org/index.php?category=army
San Francisco Treaty of piece, 1951/Сан-Францисский мирный договор (1951), http://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/Сан-Францисский договор
Status and prospects for resolving territorial disputes between Japan and its neighbors: the Republic of Korea and the People's Republic of China/Состояние и перспективы решения территориальных споров между Японией и ее соседями: Республикой Корея и Китайской Народной Республикой, http://www.perspektivy.info/misl/idea/sostojanije_i_perspektivy_reshenija_territorialnyh_spor ov_mezhdu_japonijej_i_jeje_sosedami_respublikoj_koreja_i_kitajskoj_narodnoj_respublikoj _2012-08-23.htm
"The starting point in 1945 – Japan’s surrender/“Точка отсчета 1945 год – капитуляция Японии”, http://histrf.ru/uploads/media/default/0001/06/6c42484d0d6fcb6cd515893cbbb3b04282ba9fe0.pdf
Charter of the United Nations. International Court of Justice/Устав Организации Объединенных Наций. Международный суд. Документы на русском языке, интернет-портал, www.icj-cij.org/homepage/ru/unchart.php
The pamphlet of Ministry of Japan “Takeshima’/Брошюра МИД Японии "Takeshima", www.ru.emb-japan.go.jp/territory/takeshima/pdfs/takeshima_pamphlet.pdf
“Sea of Japan”, “Seas and oceans” /«Японское море», «Моря и океаны», Интернет-портал, http://oceangid.blogspot.ru/2013/04/japonskoe-more.html
Chronological lists of ratifications, accessions and successions to the Convention and the related Agreements as at 29 October 2013, www.un.org/depts/los/reference_files/chronological_lists_of_ratifications.htm
The Man, The Image & The World, June 15th, 2010, http://leejongwon.livejournal.com/936344.html
Treaty of Peace with Japan Signed in San Francisco, 8 September 1951, www.taiwandocuments.org/sanfrancisco01.htm
Alexey A. Karaivanov
NON-PROLIFERATION OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS AS A FACTOR OF SUCCESSFULL DEVELOPMENT OF NORTHEAST ASIA
Abstract
The present article covers one of the most topical problems of the modern world
– production and proliferation of nuclear weapons. The role of socio-economic factors, integration processes and ways of control over DPRK nuclear program are studied. The ways of further NEA development and improvement of non-proliferation control in the region are determined.
Keywords
nuclear weapons, DPRK nuclear program, non-proliferation, NEA
Vladimir A. Lazarev
PATTERNS OF RUSSIAN-KOREAN COOPERATION IN THE LOGISTICS MARKET AT RUSSIAN FAR EAST
Abstract
The article discusses in detail the characteristics of the Russian Far East logistics market, the prospects of cargo delivery by road, rail, air and sea transport. Resources and technical barriers to increase the volume of traffic, the nomenclature of goods, choose alternative transport routes between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Korea (port logistics, railways, the Northern Sea Route) are assessed and analyzed with recommendations on its improvement.
Keywords
industrial agglomeration, Far Eastern logistics market, Trans-Siberian railroad, Republic of Korea, Northern Sea route
References (click to expand/close)
Peter Yu. Samoylenko
POLITICAL AND MILITARY PROCESSES ON KOREAN PENINSULA AND MASS-MEDIA ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF COOPERATION IN NORTH-EAST ASIA
Abstract
The author examines the political and military situation on the Korean Peninsula, while evaluating the different factors that influence it. In particular, he analyses selected aspects of the development and implementation of North Korea's missile program, pointing at potential threats and challenges it can incur to the situation in the region. In addition, the details of informational exchanges by media in neighboring countries concerning the Korean Peninsula are described.
Keywords
Korean Peninsula, missile testing, East Sea, North Korea, Primorsky Region
References (click to expand/close)
Bykov I.A. Internet control as modern problem of foreign affairs.
North Korea will start the ballistic missile to the anniversary of Labor Party. URL:http://primorye24.ru/news/atrnews/53510-v-yubiley-partii-kndr-zapustit-mezhkontinentalnuyu-raketu.html
Gevorkyan N.G. Features and perspectives of economic integration in Asia-Pacific.
Journalists knew the truth about repressions in North-Korean Army. URL: http://primorye24.ru/news/atrnews/53451-zhurnalisty-raskopali-pravdu-o-chistkah-v-voennyh-krugah-kndr.html. (as of 21.05.2015)
Kim Chen Eun first time commented his uncle's execution. URL http://www.topnews.ru/news_id_64231.html.
North Korea has two ballistic missile starts. URL http://pronedra.ru/weapon/2014/06/29/kndr-ispytania-raket/
Chumikov A.N. Mediarelations. 2014.
Fedotova L.N. Mass communication sociology, 2004.
Nuclear program of North Korea in Wikipedia. URL: http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Pavel V.Cherkashin
REPUBLIC OF KOREA’S PLANS ABOUT THE ARCTIC EXPLOITATION AND PERSPECTIVES OF RUSSIAN-KOREAN COOPERATION IN THE REGION
Abstract
The article describes South Korea`s approaches to the Arctic development issue, disclose in details its reasons, aims and aspirations, related to this region exploitation perspectives. Author makes an effort to have a look at concrete directions of potential Russian-South Korean cooperation in the Arctic from the point of view their correlation to Russia`s national interests.
Keywords
Russia, Republic of Korea, Arctic, Northern Sea Route, Arctic Council, cooperation, plans.
References (click to expand/close)
«Appropriate political plans in point of the Arctic and Antarctic are realized», “Намбукгык матчхумхен кыкчи чончхэк чхучжинханда» // Political briefing web portal. 2012, 27 November. URL: http://www.korea.kr/policy/economyView.do?newsId=148753121 (in Korean)
Kim Young Ok, «The current situation and recent trends in the Arctic issue», Ким Юн Ок , “Пукгыкхе исюый чхвегын тонхянгва сисачжом» // KIEP Regional Economic Focus, Vol. 6, No. 40, 2012, 10 December (in Korean)
«Vice prime-minister Heong O Seok: The comprehensive arctic policy plan implements on the government level», “Хён О Сок "Чонбу чхавон пуккык чонхапчончхэк чхучжин” // Yonhap news portal. 2013, 25 July. URL: http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/economy/2013/07/250301000000AKR 20130725033000002/HTML (in Korean)
«The dream route opens through the Northern Sea Route… Implementation of the comprehensive arctic policy plan», “Ккумый пэкиль» Пуккык ханно йонда… Пуккыкчонхапчончхэк чхучжин” // HelloDD web portal. 2013, 25 July URL: http://www.hellodd.com/news/article.html?no=42944 (in Korean)
«There will be a test passage through the Northern Sea Route at late august… The comprehensive arctic policy plan formulation», “Пхальвольмаль пуккыкханно сибомунхан… пуккык чонхап чончхэк сурип” // Political briefing web portal. 2013, 25 July. URL: http://www.korea.kr/policy/economyView.do?newsId=148764988 (in Korean)
“Next month there will be a test passage through the Northern Sea Route… The second “Araon” icebreaker construction. Extension of the comprehensive arctic policy implementation plan», “Пуккыкханно сэдаль сибомунхан … Чеи Араонхо мандыльда. Пуккык чонхапчончхэк чхучжин кехвек хвакчон” // Seoul Ilbo news portal. 2013, 26 July. URL: http://www.seoul.co.kr/news/newsView.php?id=20130726018020 (in Korean)
Han Jong Man, Pai Chai University, «The battle of resources and logistics in the Russian Arctic Circle, Хан Чжон Ман, Пэчже тэхаккё, “Росиа пукыкквон чиёкесоый чавон-муллю чончжэн: хёнхван гва исю” // Collected reports of the 8-th KIEP-ERI Seminar «Russia`s regional development plans and international cooperation», ЧепхальчхаKIEP – ERI кондон семина “Росиаый чиёк кэбалькехвек ква кукче хёпнёк”. 2013, 13 July (in Korean)
Han Jong Man, Pai Chai University, «The battle of resources and logistics in the Russian Arctic Circle, Хан Чжон Ман, Пэчже тэхаккё, “Росиа пуккыкквон чиёкесоый чавон-муллю чончжэн: хёнхван гва исю” // Collected reports of the 8-th KIEP-ERI Seminar «Russia`s regional development plans and international cooperation», Чепхальчха KIEP – ERI кондон семина “Росиаый чиёк кэбалькехвек ква кукче хёпнёк”. 2013, 13 July (in Korean)
Kim Young Ok, «The current situation and recent trends in the Arctic issue», Ким Юн Ок, “Пуккыкхэ исюый чхвегын тонхян гва сисачжом” // KIEP Regional Economic Focus, Vol. 6, No. 40, 2012, 10 December (in Korean)
Jeh Sung Hoon, Min Jee Yong, «Russia`s the Arctic development strategy and new opportunities for russian-korean cooperation», Че Сон Хун, Мин Чжи Ён, “Росиаый пуккыккэбальчолляк ква хан-но хёмнёкый сэроун канынсон” // KIEP Studies in Comprehensive Regional Strategies, No. 13-08, 2013, 30 December (in Korean)
Jeh Sung Hoon, Min Jee Yong, «Russia`s the Arctic development strategy and new opportunities for russian-korean cooperation», Че Сон Хун, Мин Чжи Ён, “Росиаый Пуккык кэбаль чолляк ква хан-но хёмнёкый сэроун канынсон” // KIEP Studies in Comprehensive Regional Strategies, No. 13-08, 2013, 30 December (in Korean)
Kim Young Ok, «The current situation and recent trends in the Arctic issue», Ким ЮнОк, “Пуккыкхэ исюый чхвегын тонхян гва сисачжом” // KIEP Regional Economic Focus, Vol. 6, No. 40, 2012, 10 December (in Korean)
«Russia and South Korea authorities consolidated bilateral cooperation in ports development» // Fishnews web portal. 2013, 23 January URL: http://www.fishnews.ru/news/22817 (in Russian)
«The USA will impose hard sanctions against Russian oil industry // «Russia`s oil» web portal. 2014, 4 August URL: http://www.oilru.com/news/420675 (in Russian)
Anastasia O.Barannikova
TRILATERAL COOPERATION OF RF, PRC AND DPRK AS A STABILIZING FACTOR ON THE KOREAN PENINSULA AND IN NEA
Abstract
The author studies military, political and economic aspects of situation on the Korean Peninsula and positions of the main actors – RF, PRC and DPRK - influencing this situation. The priorities and main directions of these countries policy were analyzed with accounting their long-term interests and some factors stabilizing situation on the Korean Peninsulawere studied.
Keywords
RF, DPRK, PRC, trilateral cooperation, military and economic cooperation, NEA security
References (click to expand/close)
China, Russia seek expanded defense cooperation // The Diplomat. URL: http://thediplomat.com/2014/11/china-russia-seek-expanded-defense-cooperation/
DPRK-Russia trade in 2014; China rejects DPRK coal shipment // North Korean Economy Watch. URL: http://www.nkeconwatch.com/category/international-trade/
Regional cooperation // Embassy of Russia to DPRK. URL: http://www.rusembdprk.ru/en/russia-and-dprk/regional-cooperation
Sold: Russian S-400 Missile Defense Systems to China // The Diplomat. URL: http://thediplomat.com/2015/04/sold-russian-s-400-missile-defense-systems-to-china/
Подписание протокола // Вести «Нэнара». URL: http://www.naenara.com.kp/ru/news/news_view.php?26+1072
Российско-китайское торгово-экономическое сотрудничество // Портал внешнеэкономической информации Министерства экономического развития РФ. URL: http://www.ved.gov.ru/exportcountries/cn/cn_ru_relations/cn_ru_trade/